Abstract We Extensively Review The Literature On Mitm

Abstract: We extensively review the literature on MITM to analyze and categories the scope of MITM attacks, considering both a reference model, such as the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, as well as two specific widely used network technologies, i.e., GSM and UMTS. In particular, we classify MITM attacks based on several parameters, like location of an attacker in the network, nature of a communication channel, and impersonation techniques. Based on an impersonation techniques classification, we then provide execution steps for each MITM class. We survey existing countermeasures and discuss the comparison among them. Finally, based on our analysis, we propose a categorization of MITM prevention mechanisms, and we identify some†¦show more content†¦In traditional data centers, where system administrators have full control over the host machines, vulnerabilities can be detected and patched by the system administrator in a centralized manner. However, patching known s ecurity holes in cloud data centers, where cloud users usually have the privilege to control software installed on their managed VMs, may not work effectively and can violate the Service Level Agreement (SLA). Furthermore, cloud users can install vulnerable software on their VMs, which essentially contributes to loopholes in cloud security. The challenge is to establish an effective vulnerability/attack detection and response system for accurately identifying attacks and minimizing the impact of security breach to cloud users. In [2], M. Armbrust et al. addressed that protecting †Business continuity and services availability† from service outages is one of the top concerns in cloud computing systems. In a cloud system where the infras- tructure is shared by potentially millions of users, abuse and nefarious use of the shared infrastructure benefits attackers to exploit vulnerabilities of the cloud and use its resource to deploy attacks in more efficient ways [3]. Such at tacks are more effective in the cloud environment

Face It the Impact of Gender on Social Media Images

Communication Quarterly Vol. 60, No. 5, November–December 2012, pp. 588–607 Face it: The Impact of Gender on Social Media Images Jessica Rose, Susan Mackey-Kallis, Len Shyles, Kelly Barry, Danielle Biagini, Colleen Hart, Lauren Jack Social websites like Facebook enable users to upload self-created digital images; it is therefore of interest to see how gender is performed in this domain. A panel used a literature review of pictorial features associated with gender traits, and a sample of Facebook pictures to assess gender stereotypes present in Facebook images. Traits emerging in greater prominence in pictures of males included active, dominant, and independent. Those prominent with female users included attractive and dependent. These†¦show more content†¦According to role theory, people follow unwritten social and cultural rules and norms as they behave ‘‘in ways that are different and predictable depending on their respective social identities and the situations they find themselves in’’ (Biddle, 1986, p. 68). Gender identity and gender roles are a significant part of everyday life and, according to Goffman, are actually constituted through social interaction (1976). Gender s hapes how people make sense of themselves and their social relationships. However, as Wood notes, ‘‘What gender means depends heavily on cultural values and practices; a culture’s definitions of masculinity and femininity shape expectations about how individual men and women should communicate; and how individuals communicate establishes gender that, in turn, influences cultural views’’ (Wood, 2009, p. 20). Gender display, as a continuous communication loop, is defined by society and expressed by individuals as they interact while shaping evolving societal expectations regarding gender. In contemporary media and culture, women’s and men’s social desirability and gender have often been defined in terms of their bodies. For women, this has often involved comparing themselves to and even replicating the ‘‘thin ideal’’ (presented in modern mass media despite the looming specter of anorexia and bulimia), altering th eir bodiesShow MoreRelatedMedias Influence on Body Image Essay example1550 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Introduction The media have been criticized for portraying the thin women as â€Å"ideal† .This research plans to look at the effects of media on the body image of women. This cumulates the findings of empirical studies that observe the effects of media on body image. This study will also look at the different social comparison theories that relate media and body image. 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Vigorito and Curry (1998, p. 136) indicate that pop culture is increasingly visual and images seen in the media tend to convey the idealRead MoreEssay On Face Ism1127 Words   |  5 Pa gesfocus towards the digital world. Social media research spans a broad array of topics, but very few studies analyze the nonverbals communicated through self-selected profile pictures. However, the existing research exploring this phenomenon reveals several trends. __ Through an analysis of existing research, we can enhance our knowledge of self-selected images and the motivation behind them. A prominent theme throughout existing research is self-inflicted face-ism. Face-ism illustrates â€Å"a phenomenonRead MoreGender Roles Of Man And Woman1668 Words   |  7 Pageshuman race, gender roles of man and woman appeared to be straightforward with certain characteristics embedded in us. Women, being able to procreate, were sought to as nurturers, while men were to protect and provide for their family. Men were considered to be the dominant sex who lead, are powerful, and masculine, while women are considered to be nurturing, sensitive, and feminine. The stereotypes that individuals must encounter are visible everywhere from social situations to media representationsRead MoreThe Negative Effect Of Stereotypes1613 Words   |  7 PagesNegative Effect of Stereotypes in Comedy We all laugh at the things we see in the media that are perceived as funny; whether it be appropriate or offensive. One of the most popular subjects that comedians and comedy shows rely on is stereotypes. Stereotypes play a large role in society and the everyday lives of individuals. These stereotypes have resulted in blurred assumptions of others based on what we see and hear in the media. The use of stereotypes in comedy to make something funny has a negative effect

Gulliver Essay Example For Students

Gulliver Essay Travels By SwiftJonathan Swift was born in Dublin on November 30 in 1967. Swifts father wasan English lawyer died while his wife was pregnant to Jonathan. Right after hewas born, his mother left him to be raised by his brother. He graduated fromTrinity College and started a masters degree, but left to join the GloriousRevolution. The object of this revolution was to convince James II (King ofEngland) to abdicate the throne. Swifts last years were a torment. Hesuffered awful bouts of dizziness, nausea, deafness and mental incapacity. Infact, Swifts harshest critics tried to discredit this book on the groundsthat he was mad when he wrote it. But he wasnt. The Travels were published in1726 and Part IV, which raised the most controversy, was written before Part IIIand Swift did not enter a mental institution until 1745. Swift was dean of St. Patricks Cathedral in Dublin when his novel came out. Since in this bookhe wrote about political figures, he published the book anonymously. It didnttake long for people to discover that the author was Jonathan Swift. Not onlyhad he been involved in some important and heated political events of the time,but he was also a well-known political journalist and satirist whose style wasquite distinctive. Gullivers Travels is the tale of Lemuel Gulliver as hevoyages to the strange lands of Lilliput, Brobdingnag, the kingdom of Laputa,and the land of the Houhnnms. (WHIN-NIMMS) Gulliver is the most importantcharacter in this novel. Hes the author of the Travels. Hesfrustrating to deal with for a number of reasons. 1. Hes not steady; hechanges in relation to the places he visits and the events that befall him as hevoyages. 2. Hes often a victim of swifts satire. This means you have to beon your guard against what he says, even though hes the guide, you cannotfollow him everywhere. 3. Its impos sible to feel relaxed with Gulliver. Swiftwont let us trust him enough for that. 4. Because Gulliver directs a lot of hishostility toward us- readers beyond reform- we in turn feel hostile toward him. 5. Looking at Gulliver is a lot like looking in a mirror. We are by turnsfascinated, attracted, disgusted, and ashamed. You first meet Gulliver at theend of his story, in a letter hes written to his publisher. By nowGulliver is out of his mind: hes raving, hes nasty, he lies, hes proud beyondthe limits of pride. But he wasnt always. He grew up in Nottinghamshire, thethird of five sons in a respectable, middle-class family. While in school heheld jobs: as an apprentice, he proved his competence; as a physician, he wasable to get work on ships, which had been his lifelong dream. The first place hetravels to is called Lilliput. People here are six inches high and Gulliver, incomparison is a giant, or a man mountain as they call him. This section ofPart I is essentially an allegory of English politics in the early 18th centurywhen the Whigs and the Tories were fighting over control of the country. Hismission here is to aid the Lilliputians in their war against blefuscu (Lilliputrepresent s England, Blefuscu, France) Gulliver literally seizes the enemy fleetand strides across the harbor with it back to Lilliput. For a short time hesa hero. But he urinates in a fire that saves the royal chambers, but he isimpeached for disobeying an ordinance prohibiting public urination. He escapesand then goes home to England. Part II begins in Brobdingnag. Gulliver here isseen cruel and vindictive just like the Lilliputians. One day hes at anouting with the King and Queen and his house a box is kidnapped by a birdand dropped in the sea. Its recovered by an English ship and he moves back toEngland. Part III, Gulliver goes to the flying island of Laputa and some of itsnearby colonies. Gulliver recedes in Part III. Not much happens to himpersonally, for the most part he recounts what he observes in the way ofscientific experiments. Swift uses Gulliver to relate deadpan what he himselfconsiders to be foolish attitudes and activities. Gulliver goes mad in Part IV. .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732 , .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732 .postImageUrl , .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732 , .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732:hover , .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732:visited , .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732:active { border:0!important; } .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732:active , .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732 .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaa7ebb6b7e5df29a0da16a0be85e3732:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Will EssayPresented with the Houyhnhnms and the Yahoos, Gulliver tries desperately tobecome a Houyhnhnm, an animal governed entirely by reason. He cannot, of course. Gulliver isnt able to see the Yahoos as Swift intends them to be seen- asrepresenting the worst traits in human nature, and the lowest level to which hemight sink. Gulliver sees the Yahoos as mankind, period. Gulliver alsomisapprehends the Houyhnhnms. It is only to Gulliver- not to Swift- that thesecreatures represent a human ideal. Gulliver, neither Yahoo nor Houyhnhnm, canfind no species to which he belongs, and so goes mad. The overarching theme ofthe novel can be said to be the question, What is it to be human? In thisbook you are exposed to a host of creatures and situations and systems that alsohelp you wonder such themes like Human nature is petty What is good government?What are the values of reason? What are the limits of reason? And The sin ofpride is the most dangerous sin of all The style of this novel is composedchiefly of satire, allegory and irony. The book is very entertaining and it ?swritten to vex you, to startle you into deep reflection and to invite debate.

The Funding Gap Essays - Corporate Finance, Entrepreneurship, Borro

"The Funding Gap" Due Date: Wednesday November 1st, 2000 The question "The funding gap" is always quoted as a major issue for dstart up and developingh small businesses. What evidence is there to support this view and what measures have relevant organisations taken to overcome the problem? Executive Summary This report critically examine concerned with how young small businesses and start up business fund themselves externally. Firstly we look at the funding ga,p what it is and evidence of its existence. Secondly, how organisations that fund new and small usinesses have done to help this problem and finally a reivew of their usefulness. This is done in a report style Abbreviation list BOE; Bank of England SME; Meaning small - medium enterprise. For the sake of this report it is taken here to mean both business that are new or business that are still in the developing stage. DTI: Department of Trade and Industry Part 1 SME's are an important contributro to the economy, defined by the Bank of England as 49 employees or fewer1. In 1997 SME's accounted for over 40% of the economy's turnover and 45% of total employment in the United Kingdom 2 The chart below reveals a b akdown of industry where sme are located including area as well. Source; bvca.co.uk Starting your own busines rasises many difficulties and raising the capital is just one of them, listed below are the main problems encountered. Throughout history, seeking external funds has remained one of the most difficult. Indeed this is not a ne problem The Macmillian Committee first regcognised the funding issue dubbing it the macmillian Gap in 1931. Today the funding gap can be defined by P Burns & J Dewhurst3 as: "where the funding requirements of a company are greater than those that can be met by the small scale providers of finance, but not substantail enough to be considered by the large equity providers". Source; Small Business Finance Report BOE Oct 2000 Evidence of the Funding Gap The funding gap is prevelant with start ups and new firms. Indeed it is often known that is harder to raise ?50,000 for a new firm with no history or collertaal than it is to raise ?5,000,000 for a established firm. Information asymmetrics is often blamed for creating the funidng gap. This is when the entreprenurer generally holds better information regarding the firms performace than the bank for making decisions. Information asymetrics can lead to two developments. Firstly, adverse selection, The banks cannot distinguish which new firm has the highest returns relative to the degree of risk, they have trouble adopting the price mechanism to help distingusih be een firms . Secondly, moral harzard, where (in the absence of collertal) use of higher interest rates by banks to offset risk would give firms receiving loans an incentive to alter their behaviour to adopt risker projects. These two reason reveal why it is harder to obtain smaller rather than larger funds. Banks requuire collertal in responce to these problems. However this often excludes new firms who lack funds despite viable plans. Therefore many fall into the fundi gap. The central hypothesis is that the market is not cleared through the price adjustments because of the asymetry of information between banks and SME's. So banks have an incentive to respond to an increased demand for loans by rationing credit fur er rather than by raising intereset rates. Also with new start ups having a 50% failure rate4 with the first three years funders can be generally reluctant to fiance such a propsotion. The funding gap questioned. The BOE report5 however states that there has been a decline in recent years of the funding gap. 1999 saw a trend away from debt reliance as new source of funding appeared. Below is a chart from6 showing the change of funding sources. Source: Bank of England see footnote 6. Empirically their is little evidence for the existence of such market imperfections. However this is only based on partial facts because it is difficult to obtain information on failed start ups . Therefore with information from only surviving firms is not easy to determine the full picture. What evidence their is suggests that the most finance constrained businesses are relatively small young located in the manufacturing sector and of below average profitability. This does sound risky and hence it is unclear whether the terms attached to